Study of the Patient Radiation Dose During Five Endourological Procedures

In the medical world more and more procedures are performed with the use of ionizing radiation (x-ray), both diagnostic and therapeutic. The main and most known risk is the development of malignancies as a result of the use of ionizing radiation. Purpose of this study: To examine the patient radiation dose (PRD) if the frames per second (FPS) are set differently during the five most performed endourological procedures where fluoroscopy is used (insertion/replacement of ureteral stent, (mini-)percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL/PNL), ureterorenoscopy (URS) and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL/SWL)) and to propose an acceptable PRD for these procedures in a multicentric study.