The Use of the Buzzy, Jet Lidokaine, Bubble-blowing and Aromatherapy for Reducing Pediatric Pain, Stress and Fear Associated with Phlebotomy.

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to investigate the effects of the Buzzy, Jet lidokaine, bubble-blowing and inhalation aromatherapy with lavender essence on pain, stress and fear in children undergoing phlebotomy. Designs and methods This study was a prospective, randomized controlled trial. The sample was comprised of children aged 5 to 10 years requiring blood tests. Children were assigned to five subgroups through randomization performed using a computer program: the Buzzy group (n = 39), Jet lidokaine group (n = 39), bubble-blowing group (n = 39), inhalation aromatherapy with lavender essence group (n = 39) and control group (n = 39). The children's levels of pain were evaluated and reported by the parents, observers and the children, who self-reported using the Oucher Pain Scale. The children's fear levels were assessed using the Children's Fear Scale, and salivary cortisol analysis was conducted to evaluate stress levels. Results A significant difference was found between the intervention and control groups in terms of levels of pain during and after phlebotomy in favor of the Buzzy group (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the fear scores of the children in the intervention and control groups before phlebotomy (p < 0.05). This difference was found to be caused by the bubble-blowing method. There was a significant difference between intervention and control groups fear levels in favor of the Buzzy group during phlebotomy (p < 0.05). Practice implications It is recommended that the Buzzy and bubble-blowing be used during phlebotomy in children to reduce the severity of their pain. Highlights • A child's response to painful stimulation is affected by age, developmental level, gender, communication skills, previous experience, culture, and the parents' response. • Pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods are used as forms of pain control for children undergoing acute painful interventions. • Using the Buzzy, with its external cold-vibration stimulation, as well as the bubble-blowing method were both effective in relieving pain in children during phlebotomy.