Nature of phonatory disorders and efficacy of voice therapy in older adults with sarcopenia

INTERVENTION: Control group 1 (older adults with sarcopenia with voice disorders):Vocal hygiene education;Experimental group (older adults with sarcopenia with voice disorders):Semi‐occluded vocal tract exercise (SOVT), straw phonation in water exercise (SPW), and vocal hygiene education;Control group 2 (older adults with sarcopenia with normal voice):None; CONDITION: Sarcopenia in older adults, Voice Disorders PRIMARY OUTCOME: Laryngeal endoscopic assessment of normalized glottal gap area (NGGA);Voice quality assessment using CAPE‐V (overall severity, roughness, breathiness, strain, pitch, loudness);Acoustic parameter (fundamental frequency);Acoustic parameter (intensity);Acoustic parameter (jitter);Acoustic parameter (shimmer);Acoustic parameter (harmonics‐to‐noise ratio);Acoustic parameter (smoothed cepstral peak prominence);Aerodynamic parameter (mean flow rate);Aerodynamic parameter (phonation threshold flow);Aerodynamic parameter (subglottal pressure);Aerodynamic parameter (phonation threshold pressure);Aerodynamic parameter (laryngeal airway resistance); SECONDARY OUTCOME: Voice‐Related Quality of Life (V‐RQOL);Vocal Fatigue Inde X(VFI);Aging Voice Inde X(AVI);Lung function parameter (vital capacity, VC);Lung function parameter (forced expiratory volume in one second, FEV1);Lung function parameter (forced vital capacity, FVC);Lung function parameter (FEV1/FVC);Lung function parameter (peak expiratory flow, PEF);Lung function parameter (maximum mid‐expiratory flow, MMEF); INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Older adults (60 years old or above, according to the World Health Organization); 2. Formal diagnosis of sarcopenia according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 Consensus Update on Sarcopenia Diagnosis and Treatment; 3. Cognitive function capable of conducting vocal assessment and voice therapy; 4. Informed consent to voluntarily participate in research.