Ultra long-term beta-2 agonists for treatment of asthma: is there a place?

Objectives: To review the efficacy and tolerability of the ultra- longactingbeta 2 agonists agents (ultra-LABA) in asthmatics. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of clinical studies that investigated the efficacy and tolerability of inhaled beta-2 agonist drugs administered once daily for the treatment of patients with bronchial asthma. The search included all full-length manuscripts published in the last 20 years, in English, by using the keywords ultra-long-acting beta-agonits, carmoterol, indacaterol, vilanterol, arfomoterol, bronchodilators, combination therapy, once-daily AND (asthmatreatment [Mesh] OR asthma/drug therapy [Mesh] OR bronchial asthma/therapy [Mesh]) AND randomized controlled trial. Results: We selected 8 clinical trials that evaluated 975 patients with asthma. Indacaterol was the pharmacological agent that presented published studies at later stages in asthmatics. In preclinical and clinical studies indacaterol showed good efficacy, safety and tolerability. The bronchodilator effect is fast and lasts for 24 hours. The most common adverse events were cough, headache and nasopharyngitis, often minimal or mild. Conclusions: The ultra-LABA can become promising options for a single daily dose regime for a subgroup of patients presenting insuficiente therapeutic response and low adherence to treatment.