Neurobehavioral effects of perinatal AZT exposure in Sprague-Dawley adult rats.

Since AZT (azidothymidine, zidovudine, ZDV) has become the standard of care for preventing human immunodeficiency virus transmission during pregnancy, we conducted a study to assess the possible long-term neurobehavioral effects of AZT, using a rat model. Each litter was randomly assigned to a treatment group: no treatment, vehicle or AZT 50, 100, or 150 mg/kg. Treatments were administered once daily via gastric intubation, prenatally from gestation day (G) 19-22 and then from postnatal day (PND) 2-20. Between PND 59-65, each rat was given a single dose of amphetamine (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/kg) or saline and placed in the Accuscan activity chamber for 1 h of data collection and video taping. There was a significant interaction between perinatal treatment and amphetamine challenge drug for one behavioral category, distance traveled, which was due to differences in the nontreated control group compared to all treated groups. These data indicate that chronic AZT treatment at three dose levels during the perinatal period produces no lasting changes in response to amphetamine in the open field in the rat.