Effects of skim milk in comparison to a fruit juice beverage on satiety and energy intake in overweight men and women

INTERVENTION: The study is a randomised, controlled, cross‐over trial investigating the acute effects of skim milk on post‐meal satiety and energy intake. Each participant will undertake 2 visits in random order, 1 week apart on the same day at the same time of day. Participants will be fasting at each visit. They will consume either 600 mL of skim milk (1122 kJ; 27 g protein), or 600 mL of a sugar‐based fruit juice beverage (1122 kJ; <1 g protein) with a fixed energy breakfast (1000 kJ). Participants will consume the beverage over a 15 minute period. Four hours after breakfast, they will be provided with an ad libitum lunch consisting of previously selected sandwiches. They will be asked to eat the sandwiches, which will be available in excess, until they are comfortably full. They will be permitted to consume one cup of coffee, tea, or a glass of water 2 h after breakfast and with the lunch meal. 45 minutes will be allowed for lunch. At the completion of lunch, energy intake will be assessed. CONDITION: Overweight men and women PRIMARY OUTCOME: 4 hour Post‐breakfast energy intake at lunch. Satiety measured by questionnaire using visual analogue scales as described by Flint et al (International Journal of Obesity 2000;24:38‐48). SECONDARY OUTCOME: Palatibility of beverage by questionnaire using visual analogue scales as described by Flint et al (International Journal of Obesity 2000;24:38‐48). INCLUSION CRITERIA: Overweight /obese, but otherwise healthy, men and women.