A blended face-to-face and eHealth lifestyle intervention on physical activity, diet, and health outcomes in Hong Kong community-dwelling older adults

INTERVENTION: The study will be a single‐blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) comprising three groups: a blended face‐to‐face and eHealth intervention group (IG‐1), a stand‐alone face‐to‐face intervention group (IG‐2), and a control group (CG). Evaluation will be conducted at pre‐intervention (T1), post‐intervention (T2), and 3 months follow‐up after intervention completion (T3). The target population will be Hong Kong community‐dwelling older adults. Participants will be recruited and randomly assigned into one of three groups. Face‐to‐face intervention group The participants in the face‐to‐face intervention group will engage in two 60‐minute face‐to‐face sessions per week, including one session for PA at the gym and one session for diet at the neighborhood elderly center for 10 weeks. Each PA session will consist of two parts, including knowledge education on the topic of PA and health (10 minutes) as well as physical exercise (50 minutes). Each session will include a warm‐up exercise (5 minutes), a main exercise (40 minutes), and a cool‐down exercise (5 minutes). The main exercise will consist of diverse components such as aerobic training, resistance training, balance training, and mindfulness meditation training. If the participants have any questions, the feedback will be given during physical activity during the course. Each PA session will be delivered by a PA coach with the assistance of two to four research helpers to make sure about safety and feasibility. Each diet session will consist of two parts, including knowledge education on diet (30 minutes) and nutrition counseling (30 minutes). The education topics were developed based on suggestions from nutritionists, including proteins, fat, hydration, frui CONDITION: Promote healthy lifestyle behaviors (i.e., physical activity, diet) ; Not Applicable PRIMARY OUTCOME: ; The following primary outcome measures are assessed at baseline, 10‐week post‐test, and 3‐month follow‐up test:; 1. Physical activity (PA) measured using a waist‐worn accelerometer, wGT3X‐BT; 2. The Fruit and Vegetable Intake (FVI) measured using a diet record booklet; 3. The Meat, Fish, Egg & Alternatives (MFEA) measured by a diet record booklet; INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Aged 65 years and above without physical disability 2. Have a smartphone and access to the internet 3. Pass the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR‐Q) 4. Have sufficient reading and listening skills in Cantonese 5. At least one health behavior (PA, FVI, MFEA) fails to meet recommended health guidelines SECONDARY OUTCOME: ; The following secondary outcome measures are assessed at baseline, 10‐week post‐test, and 3‐month follow‐up test:; ; Physical health‐related outcomes:; 1. The senior physical fitness was measured based on the Senior Fitness Test Manual; 2. The blood pressure is measured by an automated portable device (Omron HEM‐7121 Standard, Japan); 3. The glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c, mmol/mol) is tested by Point of Care (POC) Cobas b 101 system; 4. The lipid (triglycerides, TG; high‐density lipoprotein, HDL; mg/dL) is tested by Point of Care (POC) Cobas b 101 system; ; Mental health‐related outcomes:; 1. Depression is measured by The Geriatric Depression Scale 15‐item (GDS‐15); 2. Loneliness is measured by The Chinese translation of the 6‐item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale; 3. Social‐cognitive variables were measured by the validated questionnaires; 4. Health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) is measured by The Hong Kong brief version of the World Health Organization’s Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL‐BREF HK);