Controlled and randomized clinical trial to compare the epidemiological and clinical-metabolic behavior of type 2 diabetes in the adult population of Añisok 2023/2024

Abstract Background: Type 2 diabetes constitutes a health problem with a 10.5% prevalence, presenting 537 million estimated at 783 million by 2045, 44.7% undiagnosed, and 70% deceased. Objective: Its epidemiological, clinical, and metabolic behavior was analyzed in the adult population of Añisok 2023/2024. Material and methods: This is an experimental design, randomized, double-blind clinical trial, quantitative, prospective, and cross-sectional approach. In a universe of 2,000 people, in the control group there were 1,500 participants with risk factors and in the experimental group 202 with low risk factors, with a total adult population aged 20 to 60 years, where 298 participants were excluded. Thirty were transferred to the country’s capital, 10 had adverse effects, 98 refused to sign the consent form, 100 did not meet the eligibility criteria, 40 died and 20 dropped out. Variables are age, sex, education, occupation, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood glucose, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides. Excel, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, X2, relative risk (RR), and interquartile ranges (IQR) were used. Results: Of the universe of 2,000, the sample was 1,702, of which 1,500 were from the control group and 202 from the experimental group. 88.1% (n = 1500), IQR = 750, 50% (n = 850) diabetic, 27% (n = 460) prediabetic, and 23% (n = 190) non-diabetic. 11.9% (n = 202), IQR=101, 2.3% (n = 40) diabetic, 1.7% (n = 30) prediabetic, 0.6% (n = 10) hypercholesterolemia, 4.1 % (n = 70) hyperglycemia, 1.5% (n = 22) hypertriglyceridemia, 1.7% (n = 30) no diabetics. Age 51-60 (49.3% and 5.8%), female (32.4% and 23.5%), primary level (38.2% and 26.4%), merchants (23.5% and 12.3%), officials (19.9% and 1.7%) and their work (17.7% and 3.5%). X2 statistically significant (α 0.05), RR higher risk. Conclusions: The behavior was negative and related to obesity and hypertension, evidenced by high levels of HDL, LDL, triglycerides, HbA1c, and fasting blood glucose. Hepatic steatosis, penile necrosis, periodontitis, anguis-anger, and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy were reported.