Gastrointestinal hormones and genes associated to type 2 diabetes remission in non-morbid obesity after bariatric surgery

INTERVENTION: Eligible patients with T2D and grade 1 obesity will be randomized to undergo either gastric bypass (RYGB) (performed laparoscopically, with a 150 cm‐alimentary limb and a 100‐cm‐biliopancreatic limb) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG) (also performed laparoscopically, following standardized technique and a 14‐Fr bougie) CONDITION: Type 2 diabetes ; Nutritional, Metabolic, Endocrine ; Non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus PRIMARY OUTCOME: Remission of type 2 diabetes after metabolic surgery, defined as two categories: complete remission (fasting glucose < 100 mg/dl, normal HbA1c values) and partial remission (fasting glucose 100‐125 mg/dl, HbA1c < 6.5%), in both cases in the absence of active pharmacologic treatment, at each time of follow‐up (T1 and T2) SECONDARY OUTCOME: 1. Changes in gastrointestinal hormones (ghrelin, insulin, glucagon, GIP, GLP‐1, PYY3‐36, oxyntomodulin, adiponectin, leptin and GLP‐2) using values of area under the curve (AUC), for each bariatric procedure and comparison with a matched control group; 2. Analysis of polymorphisms involved in type 2 diabetes and incretin metabolism INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Men and women 2. Ages 35‐60 3. Type 2 diabetes diagnosed 1‐10 years prior to recruitment 4. Body mass index (BMI) 30‐40 kg/m2 5. C‐peptide level > 1 ng/dL 6. Signed written informed consent