The effects of precision intervention based on user profile on the improvement of postpartum parenting behavior for rural‑to‑urban floating women: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Rural-to-urban floating women often face great challenges in postpartum parenting, which negatively affects the well-being of these women and their infants. User profiles allow tailored support, making precision interventions possible. Consequently, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) protocol was designed to evaluate the effects of user profile–based precision intervention on improving postpartum parenting behaviors for rural-to-urban floating women. Methods: This single-blind, three-arm multicenter RCT will enroll 360 mothers. The control group (n = 120) will receive standard postnatal care. The conventional intervention group (n = 120) will receive usual care plus access to a unified five-module internet-based support program (ISP) parenting platform. The innovative intervention group (n = 120) will receive usual care plus a precision intervention, in which the content of ISP is tailored to the participant’s assigned user profile group. Primary outcomes include maternal parenting behavior scores, maternal self-efficacy scores, and infant growth and development indicators. Secondary outcomes include postpartum depression scores, social support scores, and satisfaction with the intervention model. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline (T0), 6 months post-baseline (T1), 12 months post-baseline (immediately post-intervention, T2), and 6 months post-intervention (T3). Discussion: If proven effective, this precision intervention will provide practical support for rural-to-urban floating women in China. As the first user profile-based precision intervention study targeting this population, it will offer evidence for clinical practice and could be applicable to immigrant mothers in other regions. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2500098613). Registered on 11 March 2025.