Effect of orange juice administration, cvs. Pera and Moro, on oxidative stress and plasma lipid profile in obese individuals with insulin resistance

Obesity is one of the main etiological factors of insulin resistance development, and both are responsible, in part, for the increase on oxidative stress and Diabetes mellitus type 2 development. Several studies have showed the benefits of a diet rich in vegetables and fruits, due to the action of bioactive compounds on biochemical and oxidative stress parameters. The aim of this study was to study the effects of orange juices obtained by varieties Pera and Moro on oxidative stress and clinical biomarkers, in obese subjects with insulin resistance, classified through the HOMA-IR index. The volunteers consumed both orange juices for 15 days with in a crossover design, with 40-day washout period. On days 0 and 16 of each trial, anthropometric and food consumption parameters were registered, and blood and urine samples were collected to analyze biochemical parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers. The flavonoids content of both juices was similar, but only orange juice from Moro variety contained anthocyanins and higher ascorbic acid content. No changes in oxidative stress markers were found after juice administration, except for urinary 8-OHdG, an oxidative DNA damage marker, which was reduced after both interventions. Clinical data were not significantly modified, but a high interindividual difference was observed in blood pressure and serum lipids. From this point of view, plasma lipidomic analysis was performed with samples of clinical trial with orange juice cv. Pera and showed significant decrease in triglycerides, mainly those with saturated or monounsaturated fatty acids, or containing at least one linoleic acid (related with inflammatory processes), besides the increase of long chain acylcarnitines. The intake of both orange juices appears to have a protective effect against DNA damage, probably by non-enzymatic action. Plasma lipidomic analysis suggests that Pera orange juice can modulate lipid metabolism related to de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid beta-oxidation.