Meningeal cryptococcosis associated with AIDS. Analysis of male HIV (+) patients with internal meningeal cryptococcosis in Room 11 of Francisco J Muñiz Hospital

Cryptococcosis is a fungal opportunistic infection systemic who has universal distribution, caused by capsulated yeast, Cryptococcus neoformans. C. neoformans infects humans and susceptible animals by inhalation, causing an asymptomatic primary infection in immunocompetent hosts. It grows preterentially in rich environments with nitrogen components, mainly from dried excreta of pigeons that are rich in nitrogen and creatinine, with a high salt content and alkaline pH, qualities which facilitate the survival of the fungus. Haematogenous dissemination of the causative agent leads to multiple locations, which are clinically evident in patients with impairment of cell-mediated immunity. Since the emergence of AIDS, it was a significant in crease in the number of cases, who becomes in the most important predisposing cause of this mycosis. Most patients with AIDS and CNS cryptococcosis have signs and symptoms of subacute meningitis or meningoencephalitis as headache, fever, cranial nerve palsy, lethargy, coma or amnesia of several weeks of evolution. Amphotericin B therapy is the mainstay of treatment. We analyzed the demographic, epidemiological, clinical, cerebrospinal fluid, mycological diagnosis and treatment used for hospitalized patients in the unit 11 of the Infectious Disease Hospital Muñiz with the diagnosis of meningeal cryptococcosis. In meningeal cryptococcosis associated with AIDS, the diagnosis can be performed by the analysis of different types of biological specimens, mainly direct microscopic examination of CSF with India ink staining and culture.