Research on the Regulation of Intestinal Immune Microecology to Reduce Postoperative Complications Following Hirschsprung's Disease

INTERVENTION: Intervention group:Routine perioperative management plus perioperative microecological combined intervention, including live combined Bifidobacterium‐Lactobacillus tablets, Clostridium butyricum powder, glutamine supplementation, and individualized enteral nutritional support from 3 days before surgery to 7 days after surgery.;Control group:Routine perioperative management, including preoperative bowel preparation, perioperative antibiotic‐based treatment, anesthesia and surgical management, intravenous nutritional support, and standard postoperative recovery care.; CONDITION: Hirschsprung disease PRIMARY OUTCOME: Incidence of Hirschsprung‐associated enterocolitis within 6 months after surgery;Changes in gut microbiota diversity and relative abundance of major genera; SECONDARY OUTCOME: Length of postoperative hospital stay;Changes in perioperative inflammatory and immune indices; INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1.Definitive diagnosis: The patient must have a confirmed diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease established by a physician. 2.Age range: Participants must be within a specified age range (e.g., >1 year of age) to ensure homogeneity of the study population. 3.Surgical plan: The patient must have a clear surgical plan and be scheduled to undergo surgery in the near future. 4.Parental/guardian consent: Written informed consent must be obtained from the parent or legal guardian of all children to allow participation in this study. For children over 8 years of age, the child's own assent must also be obtained, and the child must sign the informed consent form. Written informed consent obtained from the guardians.