Effect of a Pender Model-Based Mobile App on Symptom Severity, Quality of Life, and Sleep in Menopausal Women With Urinary Incontinence

Menopause is a natural process marking the end of the reproductive period and isaccompanied by hormonal changes. These changes can significantly affect women's physical,emotional, mental, and social well‐being. Symptoms experienced during and after themenopausal transition vary among individuals, and the severity of these symptoms mayinfluence daily life activities. A woman's awareness of menopause and recognition of itssymptoms play an important role in determining quality of life.During menopause, the vascular and vasomotor systems, skeletal structure, andgenitourinary system are commonly affected. Frequently reported symptoms include urinaryincontinence, hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal problems, sleep disturbances, anxiety,irritability, and other physical and emotional changes. Genitourinary symptoms associatedwith hormonal changes may negatively affect women's quality of life and self‐careabilities.Urinary incontinence is a health problem that arises from dysfunction of the continencemechanism and has a profound impact on the quality of life of menopausal women. It isassociated with various individual and environmental risk factors. Factors such as age,sociodemographic characteristics, reproductive history, chronic conditions, lifestylefactors, and obesity may contribute to the development of urinary incontinence duringmenopause.As key members of the multidisciplinary healthcare team, nurses play an important role inidentifying urinary incontinence, teaching and implementing conservative treatmentmethods, and providing counseling on preventive strategies. Management of urinaryincontinence includes pharmacological and non‐pharmacological treatments, behavioralapproaches, and surgical interventions.The Health Promotion Model focuses on understanding health‐promoting behaviors andevaluating factors that influence these behaviors. The model emphasizes that healthbehaviors are shaped by individuals' past experiences and perceptions, and that thoughtsguide actions. Its main concepts include the individual, environment, care, health, andillness.Approaches based on health promotion models may strengthen women's ability to cope withsymptoms related to urinary incontinence. In addition, the integration of internet‐basedtools and mobile applications into healthcare services plays an important role insupporting disease prevention, early detection, care, and treatment processes. Theseapproaches facilitate access to healthcare services and enhance communication withhealthcare professionals.This study aims to evaluate the effects of education and counseling delivered through amobile application based on a health promotion model on symptom severity, quality oflife, and sleep quality in menopausal women with urinary incontinence.