3D Transthoracic Echocardiographic Evaluation on Tricuspid Regurgitation Progression and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device

The goal of this observational study is to learn about the development and worsening of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) in patients who have cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). The main objective is to compare left bundle branch area pacing (LBBaP) and leadless pacemakers against conventional pacemakers in terms of TR exacerbation. Participants with these devices will have their retrospective and prospective clinical data analyzed and will undergo 3D transthoracic echocardiography to identify the exact mechanical causes of TR.