Dexmedetomidine vs Ketamine as Adjuvants to Bupivacaine in Transversus Abdominus Plane Block in Inguinal Hernioplasty

This clinical trial aims to compare the efficacy of two types of analgesic adjuvants in two groups of adult patients undergoing surgeries on unilateral inguinal hernia repair. The key questions it is expected to answer are: To what extent do dexmedetomidine and ketamine adjuvants, when combined with bupivacaine, offer a longer analgesic period in a Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) block? To investigate the time to first request pain medications and pain scores, researchers will rely on three groups: Group D (Dexmedetomidine Group): patients will receive 20 ml solution containing 1 mg/kg bupivacaine + 1mcg/kg dexmedetomidine +normal saline. Group K (ketamine Group): patients will receive 20 ml solution containing 1 mg/kg bupivacaine+0.5 mg/kg ketamine + normal saline. Group C (Control Group): Patients will receive 20 ml solution containing 1 mg/kg bupivacaine + normal saline. Participants will: Undergo general anesthesia in their planned hernia repair. Get injected with a TAP block dose of single ultrasound using one of the three study solutions at the completion of the surgery prior to the waking. Measure their pain at rest and coughing with particular time intervals (0, 2, 4, 6 and 12 hours) after operation. Take common rescue analgesic (Paracetamol or Nalbuphine) on request depending on the degree of pain.