Effects Of Tele-PFME On Urinary Incontinance, Pelvıc Floor Functions and Childbirth

Pregnancy and childbirth are significant risk factors for urinary incontinence (UI);mechanical and hormonal changes, increased intra‐abdominal pressure, andpregnancy‐related changes in pelvic floor tissues and nerves, vaginal delivery, andobstetric anal sphincter injury increase the risk of developing UI, while cesareandelivery reduces the short‐term postpartum UI risk. Stress incontinence may also belinked to hormones such as relaxin and progesterone during pregnancy.The prevalence of UI reported personally during the prenatal period is being widelyinvestigated. Figures indicating UI prevalence vary greatly in published reportsdepending on the case definitions applied, the population recruited, and the studymethodology (9‐63%).Urinary incontinence is a common problem among adults living in the community. It is morefrequent in women, and pregnancy or the postpartum period may be the first time manywomen experience UI. Stress urinary incontinence (involuntary urine leakage with physicalexertion) and urge incontinence (involuntary urine leakage associated with or immediatelyfollowing a sudden need to urinate) are the two most common types of urinary incontinencein women. Many women experience symptoms of both stress and urge incontinence; this iscalled mixed type UI. Of these types, stress urinary incontinence is most commonlyassociated with pregnancy and the postpartum period.The degree of discomfort experienced by pregnant women regarding UI varies. Since thedegree of discomfort or severity of UI, or the prevalence of urge incontinence, canoverestimate the actual prevalence, (high) prevalence rates should be interpretedcautiously when case definitions do not include a measure of symptom discomfort.Therefore, the International Incontinence Consultation (ICI) recommends adding a measureof discomfort to prevalence figures.