Multicenter prospective randomized study of surgical ablation for atrial fibrillation during non-mitral cardiac operation

INTERVENTION: 1. Resection of left atrial appendage with or without PVI (pulmonary vein isolation) for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation 2. PVI or full Maze operation in addition to resection of left atrial appendage for persistent or long‐standing persistent atrial fibrillation CONDITION: atrial fibrillation PRIMARY OUTCOME: heart rhythm (sinus rhythm or atrial fibrillation) and MACCE(major adverse cardiovascular and cerebral event) INCLUSION CRITERIA: Cases from 20 to 80 years old who undergo elective, first time on‐pump coronary artery bypass grafting or aortic valve replacement and give their documentary consent to this study