Multimodal Monitoring During General Anesthesia in ENT Surgery

This study evaluated whether using several monitoring methods together during general anesthesia could improve patient safety and help anesthesiologists adjust medication doses in adults undergoing ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgery. The study included 200 adult patients at a university hospital in Palermo, Italy. Patients were assigned alternately to one of two groups. One group received standard monitoring together with additional monitoring of anesthesia depth (BIS), responses to surgical stimulation (SPI), and muscle relaxation (TOF). The other group received standard monitoring alone. Group assignment followed a fixed alternating sequence rather than random selection. The researchers compared the amount of anesthetic medication used during surgery and the occurrence of anesthesia-related complications during the first 48 hours after surgery, including delayed recovery of breathing, nausea and vomiting, shivering, and residual muscle weakness. The study was conducted between February and December 2025 and has been completed.