Mediterranean Diet and Progressive Resistance Training Effects on BMD and Bone Turnover in the Elderly

This randomized controlled trial was designed to investigate the effects of progressive resistance training (PRT) combined with a Mediterranean diet on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers (BTMs) in older adults. Participants underwent a detailed medical history assessment, clinical examination, and dietary evaluation. Individuals who met the inclusion criteria provided written informed consent prior to participation. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Manouba University (no. C.S. ISSEP.KS N˚040/2024). Eligible participants were randomly allocated to either the experimental group (EXP; n = 22) or the control group (CON; n = 19). The intervention lasted 12 months. During this period, the EXP group participated in supervised PRT sessions combined with a Mediterranean diet intervention, while the CON group received no structured intervention.