Effects of Triple Nebulization Combined with Acupoint Application on Postoperative Pulmonary Complications and Prognosis in Elderly Frail Patients

INTERVENTION: Control Group:Effective coughing and abdominal breathing training were performed twice daily before surgery. Pulmonary function tests and chest CT examination were completed 1 day before surgery. Combined intravenous‐inhalation anesthesia was adopted during surgery with lung‐protective ventilation parameters set as follows: tidal volume 7 ml/kg ideal body weight, PEEP 5 cmH2O, respiratory rate 12 times per minute. Vital signs were monitored throughout the operation. Postoperatively, intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia was applied together with standardized fluid management. Preventive antibiotics were administered 30 minutes before surgery, and subsequent medication continuation was determined according to routine blood test results after surgery.;Triple Nebulization Group:On the basis of Group C, additional nebulized medications were administered: the formulation consisted of albuterol 2.5 mg plus ipratropium bromide 0.5 mg and budesonide 1 mg; administration was performed 30 minutes intraoperatively using a dedicated circuit nebulization device. The duration of nebulization and patient compliance were recorded throughout the procedure to ensure consistency of the intervention.;Triple Nebulization Combined With Acupoint Application Group:Based on the TN group, acupoint application was additionally performed. Strict standardized positioning was adopted for Feishu (BL13), Chize (LU5), Zusanli (ST36), and Shangjuxu (ST37). A unified traditional Chinese medicine formula was applied, including Astragali Radi X3 g, Codonopsis Radi X3 g, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma 2 g, Pinelliae Rhizoma 2 g, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium 2 g, Perillae Fructus 2 g, Aucklandiae Radi X1 g, and Raphani Semen 2 g. The standardized preparation procedure comprised ultrafine crushing, si CONDITION: Postoperative Pulmonary Complications PRIMARY OUTCOME: Postoperative pulmonary complications; SECONDARY OUTCOME: recovery of postoperative gastrointestinal function;Changes in frailty status of elderly frail patients; INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1: Aged = 65 years 2: FRAIL scale score of 3‐5 points 3: Pathologically diagnosed with gastrointestinal malignant tumor and scheduled for laparoscopic radical surgery 4: ASA physical status classification of Grade I‐III 5: No cognitive or mental disorders, able to cooperate with the research 6: Voluntarily sign the informed consent form