The comparison of laparoscopic and microsurgical varicocelectomy on paternity rate 12 months after surgery: a prospective randomized controlled trial

INTERVENTION: laparoscopic varicocelectomy (standard urologic procedure in infertile patients with varicocele). Transperitoneal (3 trocars 10 mm; 10 mm; 5 mm) approach with ligation of spermatic left vein. Participants will be observed for a follow‐up period of 12 months after completion of surgery. The laparoscopic varicocelectomy surgical procedure takes approximately 30 minutes per participant CONDITION: male infertility varicocele PRIMARY OUTCOME: paternity rate ‐ pregnancy test positive twice 2 weeks apart SECONDARY OUTCOME: 1.Semen analysis (1. Semen volume 2. Total sperm number 3. sperm concentration 4. Sperm motility 5. Sperm progressive motility 6. vitality 7. Sperm morphology) 2.FSH (foliculotropic hormone) ‐ ELISA method 3.LH (luteotropic hormone) ‐ ELISA method 4.Prolactin‐ ELISA method 5.Testosterone‐ ELISA method 6.IIEF ‐ International index for erectile function 7.USG (ultrasound examination of testis) INCLUSION CRITERIA: a. Palpable varicocele (no subclinical) one or both sides b. Infertility (primary and secondary) over 12 months c. Oligozoospermia (<15 mln/ml) or astenozoospermia (<32%) or teratozoospermia (<4%) in semen analysis d. Male factor (healthy women) e. No other cause of infertility in men f. Normal TSH