Combined Versus Multicomponent Training in People With Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 3a and 3b

This randomized controlled trial will compare the effects of 12 weeks of combined training (aerobic plus resistance exercise) and multicomponent training (aerobic plus resistance plus balance exercise) with a control group without supervised exercise in adults aged 55 to 70 years with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3a or 3b who are not on dialysis. Fifty-seven participants will be randomly allocated (1:1:1) to one of the three groups. Supervised training sessions will last 60 minutes and will be held three times a week at the University of Brasilia, Brazil. The main questions are whether these programs improve peak oxygen uptake, resting blood pressure, physical health-related quality of life, and estimated glomerular filtration rate, and whether adding balance exercises provides additional benefits for balance, falls, and functional capacity.