Nursing interventions in the face of complications presented by hemodialytic patients: an integrative review

Objective: To identify the evidence available in the literature about nursing interventions in the face of complications inherent to hemodialysis treatment. Methodology: This is an integrative review of the literature through searches in the PubMed databases; VHL and Scopus in April 2023. The guiding question was established: "What is the evidence available in the literature about nursing interventions in the face of complications presented by patients submitted to hemodialysis?" Systematic review protocols or meta-analysis and incomplete studies were excluded, which do not make reference to the purpose of the research. Results: In the search, 09 studies were selected for this review, which met the eligibility criteria. It was evidenced in the literature that the implementation of specific preventive measures during the HD process can significantly reduce the incidence of complications in patients undergoing this procedure. The most common complications in patients undergoing treatment are: nausea, headache, hypotension, cramps, clotting, and infections. Evidence shows that early identification and management of these complications can improve clinical outcomes and patients' quality of life. Nursing care such as frequent monitoring of vital signs, proper hygiene, correct drug administration, self-care guidelines, and innovative measures are important to ensure patient safety during treatment. Professionals need to be aware of the complications associated with HD so that they are able to intervene in the right way. Final considerations: Studies have shown that it is essential that healthcare professionals involved in care, especially nurses, are able to intervene in possible complications during therapy in order to minimize the impacts on patient health.