2nd ed

This Web Annex M accompanies the second edition of the WHO guidelines on risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia and presents the evidence profiles and evidence-to-decision framework supporting recommendations on the management of sleep for dementia risk reduction. It evaluates whether treatment of sleep disorders or interventions to improve sleep quality and duration in adults with normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment reduce the risk of cognitive decline or dementia.The annex describes the systematic review methodology, including PICO questions, literature searches, eligibility criteria, study selection, quality assessment using AMSTAR 2 and certainty of evidence assessment following the GRADE approach. It summarizes evidence from systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials of interventions such as continuous positive airway pressure for obstructive sleep apnoea, behavioural and pharmacological treatment of insomnia, mindfulness-based interventions and acoustic stimulation during slow-wave sleep. Developed in accordance with the WHO Handbook for Guideline Development, this annex provides the transparent evidence base underpinning the corresponding WHO guideline recommendations and supports their interpretation and implementation.