Comparison of Advances and Current Intraarticular Injectables in Treating Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis—A Scoping Review of the Past 10 Years

BACKGROUND: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction occurs in 5-12% of the overall population. One of its well-known treatments is arthrocentesis (AC). AC has also been advocated in conjunction with the use of post-AC intraarticular injectables such as hyaluronic acid (HA), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), fibrin, and corticosteroids. AIM: The objective of this study was to review and compare current intraarticular injectables and the new agents used in the treatment of TMJ osteoarthritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Articles were screened using PubMed/Medline and Scopus. We identified 106 articles using the following Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): 'Temporomandibular Joint', 'Osteoarthritis', and 'Intraarticular Injection'. Articles were published from 2014 to September 2024. The inclusion criterion was English full-length articles that were prospective randomized control trials, including single- or double-blinded trials. Search limitations while utilizing Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) were placed to include only randomized control trials. The exclusion criterion was articles that did not fulfill the aim of our study. RESULTS: A total of 10 articles fulfilled our inclusion criteria and included a total of 468 patients, 77% of whom were female. Patients who underwent AC with or without intraarticular injections were examined. In most studies, the best outcomes were observed in the groups that underwent AC combined with PRP and HA. CONCLUSION: HA combined with PRP after AC has been demonstrated to be superior to all intraarticular injectables followed by PRP after AC. Further studies need to be conducted to compare other new intraarticular injections.