Mindfulness Mobile App to Reduce Adolescent Substance Use

There is growing evidence that interventions based on mindfulness have been an efficacious intervention for a variety of problems, including substance use among adolescents. We propose to adapt and test the feasibility and efficacy of a smart phone application (app) intervention prototype that would help adolescent substance users reduce or quit their substance use through the development of stress reduction, emotion regulation, and mindfulness skills. During the development process, 20 high‐risk adolescents will be recruited for participation in focus groups and usability testing of early versions of the app; their initial reactions to content and functionality will help guide final iterations. Rewire is a twelve module program, and each module consists of a teaching component and a practice component. Modules take 5 minutes or less to complete. Module topics include developing an awareness of mind and body states, mindful decision making, and maintaining sobriety. In this study, the Rewire app will be evaluated with 400 high risk adolescents that are involved in the juvenile justice system; the first 20 adolescents will be involved in the development process and the remaining 380 participants will be randomly and equally assigned to the Rewire condition (n = 190) or the Department of Youth Services standard treatment condition (n = 190). Youth will be assessed at baseline and will be instructed to attempt to reduce substance use with a target quit date of 28 days in the future. The Rewire group will receive instructions for using the app in the 28 days following baseline. All youth will complete 1 and 3 month followups. Assessments will consist of online surveys asking about substance use, emotion regulation, family demographics, and mindfulness practices. The Rewire group will also be asked for their thoughts and opinions on the app. Biochemical verification of self‐reported substance use, a urine sample, will be collected at each interview.