Study on the Effect of Green Propolis on Human Brown Fat

INTERVENTION: Capsules containing 508 mg propolis were given daily for 4 weeks, and whole‐body energy expenditure, respiratory quotient and adiposity were measured by indirect calorimetry at a resting state and after 2‐hr cold exposure. Placebo capsules were given daily for 4 weeks, and whole‐body energy expenditure, respiratory quotient and adiposity were measured by indirect calorimetry at a resting state and after 2‐hr cold exposure. CONDITION: Healthy male volunteers PRIMARY OUTCOME: Cold‐induced thermogenesis (difference in oxygen consumption at room temperature of 27 degree and 19 degree) as an index of brown fat activity SECONDARY OUTCOME: (1) Change in body fat mass (2) Change in body surface temperature during cold exposure (3) Change in core body temperature during cold exposure (4) Changes in the degree of fatty acid oxidation and carbohydrate oxidation INCLUSION CRITERIA: