Effects of SCALP Block on Postoperative Analgesia in Craniotomy Surgery

Patients undergoing craniotomy surgery often experience severe postoperative pain. This pain can affect the patient\'s hemodynamics, disrupt sleep patterns, and prolong hospital stays. Sudden increases in heart rate and blood pressure due to pain may lead to elevated intracranial pressure in patients, potentially causing morbidity and mortality. Opioids are commonly used to mitigate hemodynamic fluctuations and reduce postoperative pain; however, they may delay recovery, contribute to excessive sedation, and affect postoperative neurological examinations. Additionally, opioids have adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, and respiratory depression. Alleviating hemodynamic instability and postoperative pain are critical concerns for neuro anesthesiologists. Regional analgesia techniques are employed in neurosurgery patients because they minimize anesthesia requirements, alleviate pain, and allow for neurological assessment with a lower incidence of systemic complications.The scalp block was developed due to its potential benefits as an effective regional anesthesia technique that supports the advancement of delicate brain surgeries such as functional and microsurgeries.