Efficacy of a nursing care plan on pain intensity in post-operative cardiovascular surgery patients at Hospital Santa Clara E. S. E

INTRODUCTION: Severe pain is one of the main complaints reported by patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery To determine the effectiveness of the implementation of a plan of care based on the "theory of the balance between analgesia and side effects" in reducing pain intensity, compared to the usual management of nursing in postoperative patients of cardiovascular surgery in the intensive care unit of the Hospital Santa Clara ESE. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Quasi-experimental study with a control group, randomized, blinded, conducted during the first half of 2014, in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery with admission to the intensive care unit of the Hospital Santa Clara ESE, prior informed consent. All subjects after surgery and in the cardiovascular intensive care unit and extubated once orotracheally, measurements were performed by evaluating the perception of pain intensity every hour until 6 hours to complete the visual analog scale and nursing outcome label: Level of Pain. Patients in the experimental group received additional intervention with the here proposed care plan which has the theoretical axis orientation and the theory of the balance between analgesia and side effects, which is a mid-range theory given by the nurse, Marion Good and Shirley M. Moore, 1996. In preparing the literature to study the pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions that have demonstrated efficacy was reviewed. The care plan is organized according to the structure of the nursing process and the interrelationships of the NANDA taxonomy; NOC and NIC. To study the variables of sociodemographic characteristics as related to type of surgery, a descriptive analysis was performed for the remaining variables the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test and to analyze the necessary comparisons between groups . All tests of statistical hypotheses were made at an alpha level of 5%. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: 42 patients distributed sample, 21 in the experimental group and 21 in the control group; characteristics were similar in both groups, the mean age was 59; 61.9% male and 38.1% female, predominantly two layer with 78% of participants with poor schooling and 83.3% who performed mostly incomplete basic education; surgical interventions were most frequently observed myocardial revascularization of one, two or three glasses with 76.2% overall and changes in aortic and mitral valve with 23.8% in total. It was demonstrated that the care plan based on the "theory of the balance between analgesia and side effects is effectively changing the score pain intensity measured with the visual analog scale (VAS) instrument on 3 points and is also effective in outcome of nursing to increase the score of label ranking nursing outcomes (CRE) Level of pain at 2 points.