Clinical Analysis and Literature Review of 26 Patients with Hematological Malignancies During Pregnancy

BACKGROUND: The hematological malignancies during pregnancy are rare and lethal. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to demonstrate the incidence, clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcome of hematological malignancies diagnosed during pregnancy. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of women who were diagnosed with hematological malignancies during pregnancy at an academic hospital between 2001 and 2021. RESULTS: The incidence rate of 26 pregnant women with hematological malignancies in the pregnant patients admitted to the hospital was about 0.07%. Except for one patient who was diagnosed before pregnancy, the incidence rates of the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy were 12% (3/25), 48% (12/25), and 40% (10/25), respectively. Eleven out 26 patients (42.3%) finally gave birth to fetuses. In a long-term follow-up, the survival time of patients with leukemia in pregnancy was shorter than lymphoma (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This report provides a comprehensive description of maternal and infant outcomes and insights into the management of hematological malignancies during pregnancy.