Effects of 8-Week Kettlebell Training on Lower-Limb Muscle Power, Muscle Strength, and Gait Speed in Older Women

INTERVENTION: Behavioral : Thirty participants will be randomly assigned to either the Kettlebell Training Group (KTG, n=15) or the Resistance Training Group (RTG, n=15). Both groups will participate in exercise training twice per week for 8 weeks, with each 50‐minute session consisting of a 5‐minute warm‐up, 10‐minute technique practice, 30‐minute main exercise, and 5‐minute cool‐down. During weeks 1–4, the KTG will perform kettlebell deadlifts, squats, high pulls, and suitcase carries. During weeks 5–8, kettlebell deadlifts, swings, high pulls, and suitcase carries will be performed. Exercise intensity will progressively increase from OMNI‐RES 4–5 during weeks 1–4 to OMNI‐RES 6–8 during weeks 5–8. During weeks 1–4, the RTG will perform dumbbell deadlifts, chair squats, dumbbell step‐ups, and dead bugs. During weeks 5–8, dumbbell deadlifts, squats, lunges, and dead bugs will be performed. Traditional resistance exercises will be performed at a controlled tempo of 2 seconds during the concentric phase and 2 seconds during the eccentric phase. CONDITION: Not Applicable PRIMARY OUTCOME: Lower‐limb muscle power: sit‐to‐stand performance‐based muscle power and maximum vertical ground reaction force SECONDARY OUTCOME: Exercise program adherence and dropout rate Gait speed Lower‐limb muscle strength: knee extension strength and hip extension strength INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Adults aged 65 to 75 years. 2. Individuals who are able to walk independently and perform activities of daily living. 3. Individuals who voluntarily agree to participate in the study and are able to understand the study procedures. 4. Individuals who are able to regularly participate in the exercise program during the study period.