Flow-Controlled vs. Pressure-Controlled Ventilation in CABG: Effects on Lung Aeration and Diaphragm Function

This single‐centre, prospective, 1:1 randomised parallel‐group controlled trial willcompare intraoperative FCV with PCV in adults undergoing elective isolated on‐pumpcoronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. The primary outcome is total lung ultrasound(LUS) score change (0‐36 scale) from baseline (T0) to 24 hours postoperatively (T2).Secondary outcomes include diaphragm thickening fraction (TFdi), diaphragm excursion,PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio, extubation time, and ICU/hospital length of stay. Lung and diaphragmultrasonography will be performed by an assessor blinded to group allocation at threetime points: preoperatively (T0), at end of surgery while intubated (T1), and at 24 hourspostoperatively after extubation (T2).