Effect of Short-Rest Interval versus Traditional Multiple-Set Resistance Training Combined with Endurance Training in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial

This randomized clinical trial compared short-rest interval resistance training (3/7 RT) with traditional multiple-set resistance training (3×9 RT) during a 12-week supervised cardiac rehabilitation program in patients with cardiovascular disease. Seventy-one participants were randomized to endurance training combined with either 3/7 RT (n=37) or 3×9 RT (n=34), performed three times per week. Primary outcomes were changes in VO₂peak and quadriceps strength; secondary outcomes included 30-s sit-to-stand performance and total lean mass. VO₂peak increased similarly in both groups (+3.6±3.3 vs. +4.0±4.6 ml/kg/min; P=0.786), as did sit-to-stand performance (+2±3 vs. +2±3 repetitions; P=0.873) and total lean mass (+1.04±1.5 vs. +0.94±1.7 kg; P=0.791). Quadriceps strength increased in both groups across multiple strength assessments but improved more after 3/7 RT than after 3×9 RT (+23±20 vs. +11±22 N·m; P=0.022) for isokinetic strength. These findings suggest that both resistance training modalities are feasible and effective within a cardiac rehabilitation program. As no consistent superiority of either protocol was observed across muscle strength measures, either modality may be considered in clinical practice, with patient preference taken into account when selecting the training approach.