Remifentanil Versus Remifentanil-Lidocaine for Tracheal Extubation After Thyroidectomy

This randomized, double-blind clinical trial will compare the effects of remifentanil alone and remifentanil combined with intravenous lidocaine on the quality of tracheal extubation in adult patients undergoing elective thyroidectomy under general anesthesia. A total of 60 patients will be randomly assigned to two groups. Both groups will receive remifentanil during emergence from anesthesia, while one group will additionally receive intravenous lidocaine before extubation. The primary outcome will be the incidence of coughing during tracheal extubation. Secondary outcomes will include cough severity, hemodynamic responses, oxygen saturation, airway-related adverse events, postoperative sore throat, hoarseness, postoperative nausea and vomiting, sedation level, and recovery and extubation times.