BEST PRACTICE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PRIMARY NOCTURNAL ENURESIS IN CHILDREN.

Review Questions/Objectives:  This review seeks to answer the following question(s): How effective are: 1. simple behavioural interventions such as reward systems 2. complex behavioural interventions 3. alarms 4. pharmaceuticals such as desmopressin and tricyclics 5. and complementary interventions such as acupuncture and hypnosis in managing primary nocturnal enuresis in children The inclusion criteria for this review: Types of participants:  Studies that examined children (as defined in the trial) aged up to and including the age of 16 years, who suffered from a primary diagnosis of NE will be included. Types of interventions:  The Cochrane reviews that form the basis of this review have divided interventions for management of NE in children into seven categories. These categories will also be used in this review: 1) alarms 2) simple behavioural and physical interventions (such as fluid restriction, lifting and reward systems) 3) complex behavioural and educational interventions (use a number of different behavioural and educational interventions in combination such as dry bed training) 4) complementary and miscellaneous interventions 5) desmopressin 6) tricyclic and related drugs 7) drugs other than desmopressin and tricyclics Types of outcome measures:  Outcomes of interest to this review have been specified by the identified Cochrane reviews and include: 1) change in the number of wet nights per week 2) number of participants failing to attain 14 consecutive dry nights (the accepted criterion for continence) 3) mean number of wet nights at follow-up 4) relapse (as defined by each trial)