The influence of estrogen levels on the analgesic effect and adverse reactions of biased µ -opioid receptor agonists

INTERVENTION: Tegileridine group for 18‐55 years old:10 minutes before the end of the operation, a loading dose of 1 mg of teligirine was intravenously infused for analgesia. The postoperative analgesic pump was formulated with 4 mg of taglilitin + 6mg of granisetron to 100ml, with a background dose of 2 ml/h. The self‐controlled volume of bolus is 5 ml per time, and the locking time is 15 minutes;Sufentanil group for 18‐55 years old:A loading dose of sufentanil (0.1 ug/kg) was intravenously infused 10 minutes before the end of the operation. The postoperative analgesia pump was formulated with sufentanil at 2 ug/kg and grassetron at 6mg to 100ml, with a background dose of 2ml/h. The self‐controlled volume of bolus is 5ml per time, and the locking time is 15 minutes;Tegileridine group for 55‐65 years old:10 minutes before the end of the operation, a loading dose of 1 mg of teligirine was intravenously infused for analgesia. The postoperative analgesic pump was formulated with 4 mg of taglilitin + 6mg of granisetron to 100ml, with a background dose of 2 ml/h. The self‐controlled volume of bolus is 5 ml per time, and the locking time is 15 minutes;Sufentanil group for 55‐65 years old:A loading dose of sufentanil (0.1 ug/kg) was intravenously infused 10 minutes before the end of the operation. The postoperative analgesia pump was formulated with sufentanil at 2 ug/kg and grassetron at 6mg to 100ml, with a background dose of 2ml/h. The self‐controlled volume of bolus is 5ml per time, and the locking time is 15 minutes; CONDITION: Postoperative pain after medium to major abdominal surgeries PRIMARY OUTCOME: The time‐weighted sum of the differences in pain intensity at rest from 0 to 24 hours after surgery (SPID; SECONDARY OUTCOME: Postoperative resting and standardized activity status NRS scores;The cumulative dosage of remedial analgesic drugs within 0 to 24 hours;The satisfaction score of the subjects with the analgesic treatment;Time‐weighted differences in pain intensity during exercise from 0 to 24 hours after surgery;The time‐weighted sum of the differences in pain intensity during exercise from 24 hours to the 14th day after the operation;The total amount of oral analgesic drugs from 24 hours to the 14th day after the operation;Three months after the operation, the NRS scores at rest and during exercise were followed up by telephone; INCLUSION CRITERIA: Female patients who underwent medium to major abdominal surgeries at the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from January 2027 to January 2028 were included based on the criteria: middle‐aged women aged 18 to 65, with ASA grades I to III.