Comparison between different methods of strength training on muscle adaptations and functional performance in older women

INTERVENTION: E02.779.483.875 Strength training lasting 12 weeks will be applied with a frequency of 2 times per week. The 3 groups will have different characteristics of training: G% will have their load modulated through the percentage of a maximum repetition with a traditional execution speed (2 seconds for each phase), the GPE will have his load modulated by perceived exertion with traditional execution speed (2 seconds for each phase), and the GPO will have its load modulated by perceived exertion with maximum speed of execution in the concentric phase. These types of training intended to check which ones have better neuromuscular response, preventing in this way part of the deleterious effects of aging, such as the reduction in strength, muscle mass and functional capacities. 45 subjects will be selected, 15 each group (G% = percentage group; GPE = group perceived exertion; GPO = power group). The subject does not know in which the experimental group will be allocated, and all study related assessments will be made by the evaluators that unaware which group individuals belong (double blinding). The allocation will be made at random, using a numerical order generated by computer. 3 complete assessments will be made: one avaliation four weeks before the entry and another on the entry (control period), and also at week 12 (end), in addition to partial testing in weeks 4 and 8. The evaluations will be made up of neuromuscular tests (maximum strength, maximum repetitions and jumps) and functional (walking test, steps, test to rise from a chair, walk 3 meters and return to sit, sit and stand and test 6 minutes walk). CONDITION: Aging results in a number of aspects that affect the organism, in particular, the neuromuscular. Part of these musculoskeletal diseases can be prevented through physical training, specific strength training. The use of perceived exertion is a tool that can be useful for monitoring this type of training, serving as a health service to the elderly. Musculoskeletal diseases; muscle strength; Motion Perception; Health Services for the Aged. ; E01.370.600.425 ; F02.463.593.932.567 ; N02.421.320 E01.370.600.425 F02.463.593.932.567 N02.421.320 INCLUSION CRITERIA: Women aged between 60 and 75 years. Not strength training practitioner at least 12 months. Not practicing regular exercise with weekly frequency equal to or exceeding twice. Low to moderate levels of physical activity. Apparently healthy, without involving the neuromuscular system, cardiovascular and endocrine. Medical certificate agreeing with the practice of strength training. Lack of use of any medication with influence in the neuromuscular system. PRIMARY OUTCOME: After 12 weeks of training, compared to entry into the study, it is expected significant gains assessment of power (squat jump), the magnitude of 10‐15% in all experimental groups, where the power group will present greater values than the others (additional increment of 10‐15%). After 12 weeks of training, compared to entry into the study, it is expected significant gains in functional performance in the test rise from a chair, walk 3 meters, and sit again, the magnitude 5‐10% in all experimental groups, where the power group will present greater values than the others (additional increment of 5‐10%). After 12 weeks of training, compared to entry into the study, it is expected significant gains in maximum strength in knee extensor exercise test (one maximum repetition), the magnitude of 25% in all experimental groups. SECONDARY OUTCOME: After 12 weeks of training, compared to entry into the study, it is expected significant gains assessment of power (countermovement jump and rate of force development), the magnitude of 10‐15% in all experimental groups, where the power group will present greater values than the others (additional increment of 10‐15%). After 12 weeks of training, compared to entry into the study, it is expected significant gains in functional performance, in the tests of walking speed, chair stand, climb stairs, walk 6 min and questionnaire of functional capacity, the magnitude of 5‐10% in all experimental groups, where the power group will present greater values compared to the others (additional increment of 5‐10%). After 12 weeks of training, compared to entry into the study, it is expected significant gains in maximum strength in the knee flexor, leg press, bench press and low row exercises (one repetition maximum test), the magnitude of 25% in all experimental groups. After 12 weeks of training, compared to entry into the study, it is expected significant gains in strength endurance exercise on knee extensor (maximum repetitions test with 70% of one maximum repetition), the magnitude of 40% in all experimental groups.