Effects of propofol and propofol on acute kidney injury after robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy : a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial

INTERVENTION: Cyclopophenol group:General anesthesia was induced with propofol ( 0.4mg / kg ), sufentanil, midazolam and cisatracurium. After successful induction of anesthesia, after the patient 's muscle relaxation and unconsciousness, tracheal intubation under visual laryngoscope was performed. The patient received mechanical ventilation, and the end‐tidal carbon dioxide was maintained between 34‐45 mm Hg. Anesthesia was maintained with micropump infusion of propofol ( initial maintenance dose of 0.8 mg / kg / h ), combined with opioids ( remifentanil ) and cisatracurium. During the maintenance of anesthesia, the dosage can be adjusted according to the patient 's condition and clinical needs.;Propofol group:General anesthesia was induced by propofol ( 2mg / kg ), sufentanil, midazolam and cisatracurium. After successful induction of anesthesia, after the patient 's muscle relaxation and unconsciousness, tracheal intubation under visual laryngoscope was performed. The patient received mechanical ventilation, and the end‐tidal carbon dioxide was maintained between 34‐45 mm Hg. Anesthesia was maintained with propofol ( initial maintenance dose of 5mg / kg / h ) micro‐pump infusion, combined with opioids ( remifentanil ) and cis‐atracurium. During the maintenance of anesthesia, the dosage can be adjusted according to the patient 's condition and clinical needs.; CONDITION: renal massive lesions PRIMARY OUTCOME: Incidence of postoperative AKI; SECONDARY OUTCOME: Postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate;serum cystatin c;serum creatinine level;Anesthetic consumption;operation time;duration of anesthesia;Use of vasoactive drugs;Postoperative quality of life score;Perioperative adverse events occurred;hospital stay after operation;systemic immune‐inflammation index;lymphocyte to neutrophil ratio;Urine volume during anesthesia; INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. patients undergoing elective robotic‐assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy; 2. Age 20‐80 years; 3. American Society of Anaesthesiologists ASA Class I‐III; 4. No history of long‐term use of analgesic, sedative or anxiolytic drugs; 5. Informed consent, voluntary participation in the trial, and signing the informed consent form. 6. All patients who meet the inclusion criteria will be informed in detail of the purpose of the study, the rights and obligations of the patients, and sign the informed consent form according to their wishes.