Neurocryptococcosis in the context of HIV infection in Guayaquil, Ecuador

Introduction: neurocryptococcosis results from inhalation of yeasts from the Cryptococcus neoformans species complex. The disease mainly affects immunocompromised patients, causing high mortality rates. Objective: describe infection due to Cryptococcus spp. in patients with HIV/AIDS from Guayaquil, Ecuador. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional prospective study was conducted from December 2013 to January 2015. Eighty-two cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected, as well as the demographic, clinical and laboratory data of an equal number of HIV seropositive inpatients from Dr. José Daniel Rodríguez Maridueña infectious diseases hospital. Cryptococcal infection was confirmed by India ink direct microscopic examination of cerebrospinal fluid, Sabouraud agar culture and conventional biochemical tests. The study met the ethical requirements established. Results: 89.02 percent of the patients included in the study were male and 45.12 percent were in the 20-30 years age group. 33 percent had infection with C. neoformans, and their most common clinical features were diagnostic impression of neuroinfection (41 percent), headache (78 percent; 21/27), vomiting (85 percent; 23/27), weight loss (89 percent; 24/27); CD4 counts < 200/uL (26 percent; 7/27), leucocytes 5 000-10 000 cells/mm3 (63 percent; 17/27), hemoglobin 11-15 g/dL (44 percent; 12/27) and hematocrit < 35 percent (78 percent; 21/27). An association was also found between infection and the presence of vomiting, weight loss and adenopathies (prevalence ratio >1). Conclusions: cryptococcal infection is an important opportunistic mycosis in HIV/AIDS patients. It may be associated with certain features, which makes it possible to define control and prevention mechanisms(AU)