A group visit model to support diabetes patients’ self-management in rural communities of Shanghai

INTERVENTION: The intervention group will receive 12 monthly diabetes group visit sessions. Each session consists of a 1.5‐hour self‐management group education and 1 hour one‐on‐one visits with health care providers. The control group will only receive usual care. CONDITION: Type 2 diabetes ; Nutritional, Metabolic, Endocrine ; Non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus PRIMARY OUTCOME: 1. Change in self‐management behavior scores (diet, aero exercise, practice of cognitive symptom management, communication with doctor, and examining feet); 2. Change in self‐efficacy score (self‐efficacy to manage diabetes in general); 3. Change in health status indicators (self‐rated health, energy, health distress, level of fatigue, illness intrusiveness, depression, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels); ; With the exception of the questions about diet, examining feet, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure levels, which were developed for this study, all measures had been previously validated. SECONDARY OUTCOME: Baseline scores for self‐management behaviors and self‐efficacy to manage diabetes in general and health status INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Men and women aged 35‐80 with type 2 diabetes confirmed by medical records 2. Community dwelling 3. Willing to be assigned to any of the study groups