Effects of Electrical Impedance Tomography–Guided Visual Feedback During Incentive Spirometry on the Immediate Ventilation Distribution in Postoperative Patients With Atelectasis: a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial

INTERVENTION: experimental group:EIT‐visual IS;control grope:Standard incentive spirometer (IS) training; CONDITION: postoperative atelectasis PRIMARY OUTCOME: Changes in DVF before and after training (?DVF); SECONDARY OUTCOME: Changes in the dependency and silent zones;Intubation Rate During Hospitalization;?SpO2/FiO2;Changes in end‐expiratory lung impedance;Mean inspiratory volume; INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1.Aged 18 years or above. 2.Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) or postoperative care unit following major thoracic or upper abdominal surgery, having undergone endotracheal extubation, with spontaneous breathing and stable vital signs. 3.Clear consciousness, able to understand and cooperate with training instructions and Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) examinations. 4.Morphological screening: Bedside lung ultrasound indicates atelectasis or a significant decrease in lung aeration in the dorsal or posterolateral regions, with complete documentation of the Lung Ultrasound Score (LUS). A standard 12‐region or 8‐region lung ultrasound scan is performed to record images of the dorsal or posterolateral regions; eligible findings include tissue‐like consolidation with or without dynamic air bronchogram, or multiple confluent B‐lines suggestive of severe lung aeration reduction. LUS scores for each region are recorded and filed in accordance with th