Effectiveness of yoga as a treatment for addiction

Objectives: Addiction is designated to a process whereby a behavior, that can function both to produce pleasure and to provide escape from internal discomfort, is employed in a pattern characterized by 1) recurrent failure to control the behavior (powerlessness) and 2) continuation of a behavior despite its significant negative consequences (unmanageability). Addiction is a debilitating psychiatric disorder and its estimated economic costs in the US society are US$524 billion per year. We have always attempted to find an effective treatment for addiction. This article aims to critically evaluate the evidence of effectiveness of yoga for treatment of addiction. Material(s) and Method(s): A literature review (from MEDLINE, 2000-2015) was performed using appropriate keywords to search articles investigating the effect of yoga on treatment of addiction. Result(s): Yoga has been defined as a part of Ayurvedic medicine consisting of one or more of the following: specific postures, breathing exercises, body cleansing, mindful meditation and lifestyle modifications. Yoga can manage various psychiatric conditions, including anxiety, depression, eating disorders, schizophrenia and sleeping disorders. The mechanisms of action for yoga's effect in addiction may be attributed to reductions in anxiety, depression, stress, impulsive, addictive behaviors and psychosis. Yoga may also promote personal development through increasing emotional stability, life-satisfaction and self-awareness, as well as improving mental, physical and social health; or strengthening initiative, motivation and confidence to improve maturation, intentions, attitudes and behaviors necessary to overcome addiction. Conclusion(s): The evidence support the effectiveness of yoga for treating addiction, but further studies are required to determine the benefits of yoga.