A study comparing the effectiveness of an on-line mindfulness and muscle relaxation treatment for chronic headache, compared to mindfulness or muscle relaxation alone, among people from a Russian ethnic background.

INTERVENTION: Upon completion of baseline measures, participants will be randomised to one of three conditions: 1. Mindfulness based treatment 2. Mindfulness and progressive muscle relaxation treatment combined 3. Progressive muscle relaxation treatment (active control) Participants will receive on‐line audio training in their respective groups for 6 weeks. An audio file will be embedded in the website, and participants will be instructed to log on at least 5 times a week and carry out the exercises. After the 6 weeks they will be invited to re‐take the battery of questionnaires. Follow up assessments will be conducted 4‐weeks and 3‐months after the participant completes the study. CONDITION: Chronic headache and migraine ; Nervous System Diseases ; Migraine, unspecified PRIMARY OUTCOME: 1. Brief Pain Inventory Short Form (SF); 2. Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire SF‐8; ; Baseline timepoint is prior to participation in the intervention. The intervention will be conducted for the duration of 6 weeks. 4 weeks follow up will be conducted at 4 weeks after the participant has completed the programme. 3 months follow up will be conducted at 3 months after the participant has completed the programme. SECONDARY OUTCOME: 1. Brief Illness Belief Questionnaire; 2. Leeds Dependence Questionnaire (adapted for medication dependence); 3. Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (attention subscale); 4. Pain Catastrophising Scale; 5. Social Support Questionnaire SF‐12; 6. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; 7. Headache Specific Locus of Control Scale SF‐9; ; Baseline timepoint is prior to participation in the intervention. The intervention will be conducted for the duration of 6 weeks. 4 weeks follow up will be conducted at 4 weeks after the participant has completed the programme. 3 months follow up will be conducted at 3 months after the participant has completed the programme. INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Male and female, over 18 years of age 2. Ethnic background ‐ Russian 3. Knowledge of the Russian language ‐ fluent 4. A headache is present on at least 15 days a month for 3 months