Anesthesia for Percutaneous Kyphoplasty

The aim of this study was to compare ESP with conventional local infiltration anesthesia (CLIA) and extrapedicular infiltration anesthesia (EPIA) with respect to analgesic efficacy in patients underwent elective PKP for VCF. A total of 90 ASA I-III patients were randomly assigned into three groups: group CLIA (n=30), group EPIA (n=30), and group ESP (n=30). The same amount of local anesthetic mixture (6 ml lidocaine 1% and 14 ml bupivacaine 0.5%) was used for regional anesthetic techniques in all groups. Fentanyl 0.1 mcg/kg and midazolam 0.1 mg/kg were intravenously (IV) given before prone positioning. Pain was evaluated using Visual Analogue Score (VAS) and sedation level using Ramsay Sedation Scale (RSS) during the procedure. Primary outcome measure were VAS and RSS scores. Secondary outcome measures were hemodynamic changes and additional analgesic and sedative consumptions