The impact of adapted functional training and pilates on the symptoms of individuals with parkinson's disease

INTERVENTION: Exercise Other There will be three groups investigated, one being physical exercise interventions (adapted functional training), a control group with individuals with Parkinson's disease and a healthy control group, both control groups will maintain their routine activities. It is estimated 15 individuals in each group, totaling 45 individuals in the study. The adapted functional training sessions will be held at CEFID‐UDESC in the city of Florianópolis / SC. Each session will last 60 minutes, twice a week, for 12 weeks with moderate to vigorous intensity. Functional training group: The practice will be carried out through adapted functional training. The classes will follow the following order: (1) Initial warm‐up (10 minutes): The sequence of movements of this class session will cover wide articular movements for specifics. (2) Main part (40 minutes): evolution of specific functional training exercises, including strength, balance, power, flexibility, motor coordination and endurance. (3) Relaxation (10 minutes): Brief conversation about the perception of each participant regarding the exercises given, in addition to massages and stretches. Control group: Individuals who are part of the control group (with Parkinson's and healthy) will be invited to continue their routine activities. Being contacted by phone every month on a day and time previously set by the researchers, in the same way that they will receive motivational guidance where the importance of physical exercise and health care in general will be emphasized and will be invited to participate in classes after the intervention period. CONDITION: Parkinson's disease Parkinson's Disease ; Parkinson's disease PRIMARY OUTCOME: Balance.; ; Verified through the Mini‐BESTest test translated and validated in Brazil, it is a 14‐item test that focuses on dynamic balance, specifically early transitions, postural responses, sensory orientation, and dynamic gait. Its application takes 10 to 15 minutes and allows you to quickly and reliably track balance changes. Each item is scored from (0‐2); A score of 0 indicates that a person is unable to perform the task while a score of 2 is normal. The best score is the maximum amount of points, 28 (MAIA et al., 2013). SECONDARY OUTCOME: Cardiorespiratory fitness ; ; Verified by ergospirometry, it will be used to conduct the submaximal exercise test where it will assess cardiorespiratory fitness, indicated for populations with Parkinson's disease (OLIVEIRA et al., 2013). Exhaled gases and flow volume will be collected during the test and analyzed by calibrated metabolic system (Quark CPET Ergo, Cosmed, Rome, Italy) to provide oxygen absorption measurements. The test will be terminated at the predetermined value. Depressive symptoms and anxiety ; ; Verified through Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventory. It contains 21 objective multiple choice questions related to depressive symptoms such as hopelessness, irritation, cognition, guilt and feelings of punishment, as well as physical symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss and sexual interest. It is composed of 21 self‐reported questions that highlight somatic, affective and cognitive signs of anxiety symptoms. Finutude ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; The Sheppard Inventory, adapted for Portuguese and validated by Neri (1991), will be used to analyze the finitude of individuals with PD. The instrument consists of 20 questions divided into 4 subgroups, which allow to assess the respondent's opinion regarding: a) the possibility of being happy in old age; b) if old age foreshadows dependency, death and loneliness; c) whether it is better to die early than to feel the anguish and loneliness of old age; d) if old age can provide feelings of integrity. At first, through scores, it is possible to determine whether the participants have a positive or negative perception in relation to finitude (prevalence) (Neri, 1991). Handgrip strength ; It will be measured with a hydraulic dynamometer, adjusted in the second position, due to the size of the hand, measuring the force produced by an isometric contraction registered in kilograms or pounds. The individual will be invited to sit in a chair without support for the upper limbs, but with the back supported, adducted shoulder, elbow flexed at 90 °, forearm in neutral position and the wrist varying between 0 ° and 30 ° in length and between zero and 15 ° of ulnar deviation (RICHARDS; OLSON; PALMITER‐THOMAS, 1996). Lower limb flexibility ; The “Sit and reach” test will be used. The test starts with the individual sitting in a chair, one leg should have a knee flexed at approximately 90 ° and the foot resting on the floor, the other leg should be extended. With the arms extended and the middle fingers on top of each other, the participant should perform a hip flexion on the extended leg, reaching the maximum he / she can and remain in the position for two seconds while the evaluator makes the measurement. This measurement will be the distance between the middle toes and the tip of the foot, with the distance between the toes and the distance between the toes (WELLS; DILLON, 1952) being positive. Mobility ; Timed Up & Go (TUG) will be used, it is a screening tool commonly used for fall risks in the elderly. Translated and validated in Brazil (CABRAL, 2011), its main objective is to assess mobility. The TUG measures the time it takes an individual to perform some functional maneuvers, such as getting up, walking, walking and sitting. The patient is timed while rising from a chair (approximately 46 centimeters), walks in a straight line from 3 meters away, turns, walks back and sits on the chair again. Mood ; The Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) will be used to assess six states of mood (tension, depression, anger, vigor, fatigue and mental confusion). The questionnaire consists of 24 five‐level scales (0 = nothing and 4 = extremely), which must be answered by the participant considering how he feels at the time of the assessment. With the sum of the answers related to each aspect, a score is obtained that varies from 0 to 16 for each mood state. BRUMS was validated for Brazil, with internal consistency values (Cronbach's alpha) greater than 0.70 for all aspects (TERRY; LANE; FOGARTY, 2003) Muscle strength of lower limbs ; The Biodex System 4 PRO isokinetic dynamometer (BiodexTM Medical Systems Inc., Shirley, NY) will be used, used with individuals with Parkinson's disease (BORGES et al., 2013; DURMUS et al., 2010). The calibration of the equipment will be performed according to the manufacturer's specifications before each test session. Individuals will be immobilized with seat belts to stabilize joints, avoid compensatory movements and possible falls. The isokinetic strength protocol will involve the knee extensors and flexors of both limbs (limb most affected by the disease and limb less affected), the range of motion will vary between 0 ° to 90 °. The range of motion of shoulders ; It will be performed by a digital goniometer (Absolute Axis 360 °), in shoulder flexion and abduction movements (AMMITZBOLL et al., 2017). The abduction movement will be performed with the individual seated, and the flexion movements with the individual in the supine position. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Inclusion criteria are defined as, participants with a clinical diagnosis of PD following the UK brain bank criteria (HUGHES et al., 1992); both sexes; aged 50 years or over; with stable doses at; at least two weeks; no change in medication; without any functional training for at least three months.