Implementation of Psychotherapies and Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction for Chronic Pain and Chronic Mental Health Conditions: A Systematic Review

Chronic pain conditions are common causes of disability in the US and contribute to other disabling conditions, such as opioid use disorder. In 2011-2012, chronic pain affected at least 100 million US adults and cost more than $600 billion in treatment and lost productivity. Chronic pain prevalence has continued to increase, with concomitant higher levels of psychological distress. Chronic pain profoundly impacts physical, mental, and social functioning. Individuals with chronic pain have higher prevalence of mental health conditions, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and insomnia; they are also at greater risk for other chronic health conditions. Veterans have a higher prevalence of chronic pain conditions compared to civilians, resulting in significant healthcare costs for the Veterans Health Administration (VHA).