Isolated cardiac sarcoidosis: A systematic review.

BackgroundIsolated cardiac sarcoidosis is a distinct entity of sarcoidosis characterized by disease confined exclusively to the heart, without involvement of other organs. While cardiac sarcoidosis can lead to severe complications such as arrhythmias and heart failure, isolated cardiac sarcoidosis remains understudied, and no systematic review has previously addressed this condition.Key findings: A systematic review of the literature from 1978 to 2025 identified 14 relevant studies, primarily case series. Isolated cardiac sarcoidosis affects both sexes equally, with most patients aged 55-65 years. Compared with multi-organ cardiac sarcoidosis, isolated cardiac sarcoidosis is associated with lower left ventricular ejection fraction and poorer survival. Variability in diagnostic criteria and potential selection bias were key limitations.ConclusionIsolated cardiac sarcoidosis is a distinct and severe clinical entity with limited available data. Its poorer prognosis underscores the need for specific diagnostic and management guidelines. Future multicenter studies are essential to improve understanding and care for patients with this condition.