Testing a cognitive and emotional training program for adolescents with behaviour problems

INTERVENTION: Intervention1: Integrated Cognitive Control Training Program: This intervention combines mindfulness with cognitive control training. There will 12 sessions over around 1 month with 3 sessions in a week. Control Intervention1: Treatment‐as‐usual: Treatment as usual (TAU) may include pharmacological management along with behavior modification, parent management training, anger management, attention enhancement therapy, motivational enhancement therapy, and motivational interviewing. CONDITION: Health Condition 1: F90‐ Attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorders Health Condition 2: F91‐ Conduct disorders Health Condition 3: F10‐F19‐ Mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use PRIMARY OUTCOME: Improvement in executive functions and emotion regulationTimepoint: Baseline, mid‐intervention, post‐intervention, and 2 month follow up SECONDARY OUTCOME: Change in neurohaemodynamic profile, reduction in externalizing symptoms, and improvement in socio‐occupational functioningTimepoint: Baseline, mid‐intervention, post‐intervention, and 2 month follow up INCLUSION CRITERIA: The study will include right‐handed adolescents aged 11 to below 18 years, of both genders, who have studied up to at least the 3rd standard and are fluent in English, Hindi, or Bengali. Participants must have a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, disorders due to substance use or addictive behaviours, oppositional defiant disorder, or conduct‐dissocial disorder according to ICD‐11 DCR (WHO, 2022), and score above the cut‐off for externalizing behaviour on the Child Behaviour Checklist. Adolescents with normal or corrected vision and hearing whose guardians provide informed consent and who provide informed assent will be included in the study.