Moving cupping in the treatment of patients with chronic low back pain

INTERVENTION: Procedure/Surgery : This is an RCT study using moving cupping as the intervention. The treatment area and method are as follows: Treatment area: Bilateral 4‐8 cm area around the spinous processes of L1‐5 level. Method: Time: 5 minutes per side (left and right). Direction: From the bilateral 4‐8 cm area around L5 level to the bilateral 4‐8 cm area around L1 level. Target muscle: Multifidus muscle. Cup: #1 cup (Dongbang Medical, Korea). Supplementary material: Cupping therapy lotion (Eciscosmetic Ltd., Korea). Device: HR‐S460 (HRA Medical Technology, electric pump type negative pressure instrument for skin beauty treatment). The treatment group received a range of pressure of 18‐20 kPa (135‐150 mmHg), while the control group had no pressure applied before moving the cup. This difference in pressure levels was used to set the experimental conditions. In addition, the exclusion criteria were "individuals with medical experience with moving cupping" in order to maintain blind treatment throughout the process. Overall, this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of moving cupping on the target muscle, and to compare the results with those from a control group with no pressure applied during treatment. CONDITION: Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue PRIMARY OUTCOME: Mean change in kPa of low back elastography (ultrasonography) SECONDARY OUTCOME: Mean change in kPa compared to baseline (V1), after 1 weeks post‐treatment, NRS, ODI,EQ‐5D,PGA,Outlier detection, BMI INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1) Individuals aged 18 years or older but under 60 years of age 2) Individuals with symptoms of low back pain lasting for at least 12 weeks 3) Individuals with a Body Mass Inde X(BMI) of less than 35 kg/m2 4) Individuals with a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) pain intensity score of =4 5) Individuals who can understand the purpose and procedures of the study, and voluntarily decide to participate and provide written consent after receiving an explanation.